02.24.2025
The problems caused by the golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei)—one of the most harmful invasive species in Brazil—may be close to a definitive solution thanks to an innovative approach based on genetic modification. The biotechnological project to control the infestation of this mollusk, led by Bio Bureau in partnership with several institutions, has completed its third phase, celebrating scientific and structural advances that pave the way for the gradual elimination of the species in Brazilian reservoirs.
Since 2017, the project has been part of the Research and Development (R&D) program of the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL), led by CTG Brasil with the support of SPIC Brasil, Tijoá, UFRJ, Instituto SENAI de Inovação em Biossintéticos, and, more recently, Hubz. The initiative combines the efforts of national and international scientists to combat this pest, which causes annual losses of R$400 million to the electricity sector, clogs turbines and pipelines in 40% of Brazilian hydropower plants and impacts entire ecosystems.
Phase III developed a prototype of a genetically modified (GM) adult golden mussel, an important step toward creating a mussel equipped with synthetic DNA to activate the gene drive mechanism, inducing infertility in the species.
“With Brazil’s progressive regulatory environment, we have the chance to be the first group to apply gene-drive technology to fight an invasive species in the wild,” explains Mauro Rebelo, founder of Bio Bureau and a specialist on the species since 2005.
Progress in earlier phases was essential to the current success. High-quality genomic sequencing resulted in a genome classified as “platinum” by international standards. This resource made it possible to identify target genes for biotechnological control and create a shared genetic database between the golden mussel and other organisms, expanding available biological knowledge. In parallel, methods were developed to measure infestation intensity and ecological modeling were conducted to understand the genetic inheritance of infertility—establishing a solid foundation for efficiency and safety tests in controlled environments.
The environmental and economic impact of the golden mussel goes far beyond hydropower plants. The mollusk damages fish farming by clogging net tanks, reduces water quality, and drives increased use of antibiotics. It also affects biodiversity, since some fish species ingest the mussel, which continues growing inside their bodies, and it hinders navigation and ecotourism. Originally from Southeast Asian rivers, the golden mussel was accidentally introduced into South America nearly 30 years ago and is now widespread in Brazilian rivers and reservoirs.
Next steps
The project’s success depends on significant investments and collaboration across multiple sectors. CTG Brasil led funding for phases 1–3, with R$7.5 million invested, and remains committed to continuing support. SPIC Brasil and Tijoá contributed an additional R$5.2 million. Future stages—including scaling up production and testing for control and effectiveness—are estimated at R$50–100 million over the next 5–10 years.
“Innovation is one of our guiding principles, and supporting solutions that protect both the power sector, and the ecosystem is aligned with our philosophy. However, engagement and joint investment from all actors impacted by the golden mussel, along with coordinated action with regulatory bodies, are essential,” emphasizes Soraia Quicu, R&D Specialist at CTG Brasil.
Bio Bureau continues to lead biotechnological development, while Hubz spearheaded efforts to create methods for measuring infestation.
“Measuring infestation in each reservoir is essential for effective control,” says José Lavaquial, Director of Hubz.
Based on the results already achieved and the engagement of multiple stakeholders, the project represents a promising and sustainable solution to one of the country’s great environmental challenges. The combination of science, technology, and cross-sector collaboration promises not only to mitigate the damage caused by the golden mussel but also to protect Brazilian ecosystems and ensure greater efficiency in the electricity sector.
